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Birds of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

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Flora & Plant Formations of Mount Kinabalu & the Highlands of British North Borneo; A Contribution to the

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Flora of Mount Kinabalu in North Borneo; On the

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Plants of Mount Kinabalu 4; The

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The primary objective of this project is to provide an inventory of all vascular plants in the flora of Mount Kinabalu. Three books on the flora, covering the ferns, fern allies, orchids, and gymnosperms and non-orchid monocotyledons, already have been published. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu, 4 enumerates the dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae, roughly half of this major group. A final volume on the dicotyledons is expected to be completed in about three years. The Kinabalu flora includes over 5000 species of vascular plants, and is one of the most diverse if not the most diverse flora in the world. Additionally, Mount Kinabalu has been a centre of extremely active plant evolution and speciation and presents a spectacular natural laboratory for studying these processes. This fourth volume in the series contains sections on the historical aspects of plant collecting on Mount Kinabalu, a biographical sketch of two of the most important collectors, Mary Strong and Joseph Clemens, to whom the book is dedicated, analysis of the collections, elevational distribution of the dicotyledons, a list of cultivated and introduced dicots, enumeration of the species, and indexes to numbered collections. Information is provided for each species on literature, habit, habitat, elevation range, and specimens upon which the study is based. These dicotyledons include 83 families, 430 genera and about 1575 species, subspecies and varieties. Almost 20,000 specimens were examined and recorded for the project. These were collected over a period of 150 years (1851-2000) by about 282 naturalists, explorers, botanists and local people, and are the basis for virtually all the accumulated knowledge of the Mount Kinabalu flora. The book is particularly authoritative because of the collaboration of 25 noted specialists in various plant groups. The last comprehensive works on the Kinabalu flora were 0. Stapf’s monumental 1894 account, On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu, in North Borneo and L. S. Gibbs’s 1914 work, A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of’ Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands of British North Borneo. Stapf’s paper listed only 90 taxa in the families covered by this volume. Thus the present work includes a 17-fold increase in taxa since Stapf’s time, and has the advantage of being based on about a century of advances in knowledge of the flora and improvements in the scientific methodology for conducting such a study. The project involves new and innovative procedures for conducting floristic inventories, and is serving as a model for similar projects in other parts of the world. Specimens have been examined in some 36 different herbaria, including all relevant specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Natural History Museum, London, and the National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden Branch. Gibbs had about 229 collections available for the dicotyledons in this group in her account, and Stapf had only about 155. In contrast, the present study is based upon nearly 20,000 specimen records representing 12,125 collections accumulated over the 150 years since Mount Kinabalu was first explored by Hugh Low in 1851.

Plants of Mount Kinabalu: Ferns; The

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The present account comprises part of a botanical inventory or enumeration of the entire flora of vascular plants of Mount Kinabalu, the highest mountain in Borneo. This separate treatment of the pteridophytes was envisaged initially becouse we wanted to dedicate the work to Professor Holttum and also because it represents a logical subdivision of the large number of species comprising the total flora. The overall plan of the project was described by Beaman and Regalado (1989), and is followed here with minor modifications. These are discussed in the section on computer methods. Selection of the pteridophytes as the initial subject also has had the advantage of enabling us to follow a somewhat natural sequence for families, beginning with the fern allies and ferns, then the orchids also as a separate treatment, and finally the gymnosperms and remaining angiosperms. “The Ferns of Mount Kinabalu” by Christensen and Holttum (1934) represents the first publication, other than the early studies of Stapf (1894) and (1914), to attempt a comprehensive treatment of a major segment of the Kinabalu flora. The work of Christensen and Holttum sets a solid foundation for understanding of the fern flora and, even nearly 60 years later, illustrates a high standard of excellence in floristic work for a region still not well known. The following enumeration lists 609 species of pteridophytes for Mount kinabalu. These belong to 28 families and 145 genera, including almost all the principal genera of the Old World. An additional 12 infraspecific taxa bring the total number of pteridophyte taxa now known to 621. No new species are described in this account, but 10 new combinations for species and four for varieties are published here by Parris. The enumeration includes 30 taxa without published names, of which 29 will be described later by Parris and one to be described later by Chambers. Thirteen taxa are included for which there appear to auhentic records but for which we have seen no specimens. We have attempted to cite type specimens only for taxa described from Mount Kinabalu. Likewise, the synonymy includes only names, and their types, that have been described from Mount Kinabalu. In addition to true synonyms, we also have noted synonymy sensu Christensen and Holttum. Likewise, names they recognized in the same sense as in this work are referenced in the text. Names of authors of taxa are abbreviated in accordance with the new list of author abbreviations being developed at Kew (Powell & Brummit (eds.) in prep.).

Plants of Mt Kinabalu 5: Dicotyledon Families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae

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The principal objective of this project has been to provide an inventory of all vascular plants in the flora of Mount Kinabalu. This Volume 5 completes the inventory with an enumeration of the dicotyledons in families in alphabetical order from Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. The other four volumes cover, respectively, the ferns and femallies, orchids, gymnosperms and non-orchid monocotyledons, and dicotyledons in families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae. The Kinabalu flora includes about 5,000 species of vascular plants, and is arguably one of the richest floras in the world on the basis of number of species on a per unit area basis. Additionally, Mount Kinabalu has been a centre of extremely active plant evolution and speciation and presents an outstanding natural laboratory for studying these processes. This last volume in the series contains sections on historical aspects of plant collecting on Mount Kinabalu, a biographical sketch of Hugh Low, the first person to climb and collect plants on the mountain, a sketch likewise of Elmer Drew Merrill, who described more new species in the floras of Mount Kinabalu and Southeast Asia than any other person. Volume 5 is dedicated to these two individuals. Also included are analyses of the collections, a discussion of ecological associations, consideration of dicotyledon life-forms, lists of cultivated and introduced dicotyledons, consideration of phytogeographical relationships, a review of classification of the dicotyledons, and an index to numbered collections. The main part of the book enumerates 66 families, 364 genera, and 1399 species, subspecies and varieties in dicotyledon families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae known in the Kinabalu flora. Information is provided for each species on literature, habit, habitat, elevation range, and specimens upon which the study is based. About 24,000 specimens representing this group of dicotyledons were examined. These were collected over a period of 150 years (1851-2000) by about 300 naturalists, explorers, botanists and local people, and are the basis for virtually all the accumulated knowledge of the Mount Kinabalu flora. The book has involved the collaboration of 15 noted specialists in various plant groups. The last comprehensive works on the Kinabalu flora were Otto Stapf’s monumental 1894 account, On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu, in North Borneo and Lilian Gibbs’s 1914 work, A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands of British North Borneo. Stapf’s paper listed only 172 taxa in the families covered by this volume. Thus the present work includes an eight-fold increase in taxa since Stapf’s time, and has the advantage of being based on more than a century of advances in knowledge of the flora and improvements in the scientific methodology for conducting such a study. The project has involved new and innovative procedures for can Trying out floristic inventories, and is serving as a model for similar projects in other parts of the world. Specimens have been examined in some 30 different herbaria, including all reievant specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Natural History Museum, London, and the National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden Branch. Gibbs had about 360 collections available for the dicotyledons in this group in her account, and Stapf had only about 236. In contrast, the present study is based upon nearly 24,000 specimen records representing over 14,000 collections accumulated over the 150 years since Mount Kinabalu was first explored by Hugh Low in 1851.

Wanderer in Malaysia Borneo

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Sabah (Land Below the Wirid), and Sarawak (Land of the Hornbill), are the two states which make up East Malaysia. Situated on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo, they are separated by 400 miles of sea from the West Malaysian peninsula. To those who reach their shores, Sabah and Sarawak reveal some of the most dramatic scenery and attractive peoples in Southeast Asia. Readers of Wanderer in Malaysian Borneo will be led on a series of journeys to destinations in the twin states of East Malaysia, ranging from the labrynthine caves of Mulu in Sarawak to the 4,000-metre-high peak of Mount Kinabalu in Sabah. Their guide is the aptly named ‘Pengembara’ (Malay for ‘Wanderer), pseudonym of C. H. Gallop, who embarked on these journeys to ‘the other Malaysia from his home in the neighbouring Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam. These accounts of Pengembara’s travels first appeared in Brunei Darussalam’s leading daik the Borneo Bulletin, between 1991 and 1993.